Immunoglobulin G antibody immune response profile following infection with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Egyptian patients

The Egyptian Journal of Immunology
Volume 30 (1), January, 2023
Pages: 49–56.
www.Ejimmunology.org
https://doi.org/10.55133/eji.300106

Asmaa M. Goda1, Hesham M. Hefny2, Hend M. Esmaeel3, Mona Fattouh1, Esam M. Abu Al Fadl3, Amal Khalifa4, El-Zahraa M. Meghezel6, Nesreen A. Mohammed7 and Amal H. Ali8

1Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

2Department of Clinical Pathology, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

3Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

4Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

5Department of Internal medicine, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

6Department of Tropical medicine & Gastroenterology, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

7Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

8Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Aswan university, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt.

 

Corresponding author: Asmaa M. Goda, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
Email: asmaa_gouda@med.sohag.edu.eg.

Abstract

This study aimed to report the dynamic profile of IgG-specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection for 6 months after infection. We conducted a prospective study, recruited 33 recently confirmed covid -19 patients and collected 6 samples from each patient. The first samples were collected one month from the start of symptoms and subsequent samples collected at 30 days interval. We measured the IgG by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). According to the disease severity, patients were categorized as asymptomatic 4 (12.1%), mild 14 (42,4%), moderate 9 (27.3%), and severe 6 (18.2%). Patients were 12 (35.3%) females and 21 (64.7%) males. The mean IgG levels maintained a high level till the second month (92.81 ± 110.15 AU/ml) from the onset of symptoms followed by a gradual decrease till the sixth month after infection (17.42 ± 22.61 AU/ml). The patients with severe symptoms significantly exhibited the highest IgG levels, reached the highest level (mean=237.44 ± 164.13 AU/ml) at the second month. While the lowest levels were detected among the asymptomatic patients (mean= 3.04 ± 2.94 AU/ml) at the second month. Older age correlated with higher IgG antibody level (r= 0.350 p=0.046); however, sex was not related to IgG level. In conclusion, Symptomatic COVID-19 disease is followed by protective immunity for more than 6 months. Immunity in asymptomatic patients is low and fades rapidly than symptomatic cases. Patients with severe disease had significantly higher IgG levels compared to mild, moderate, or asymptomatic patients.

Keywords: Covid -19; SARS-CoV-2 IgG; Chemiluminescence.

Date received: 17 September 2022; accepted: 24 November 2022

PMID: 36591958

 

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